Bahan Farmasi Nonhalal dalam Perspektif Fiqh Kontemporer: Analisis Keamanan, Kedaruratan, dan Maqashid Al-Syariah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67315/pancasilaspectrum.v1i02.160Keywords:
non-halal pharmaceutical ingredients, contemporary Islamic jurisprudence, darurah, maqasid al-shariah, preservation of lifeAbstract
The use of non-halal pharmaceutical ingredients raises concerns regarding Islamic legal principles, clinical safety and efficacy, and patients’ therapeutic needs. This study aims to analyze the use of non-halal pharmaceutical ingredients from the perspective of contemporary Islamic jurisprudence, focusing on safety, the principle of necessity (darurah), and maqasid al-shariah. A qualitative library research design was employed, using normative-conceptual analysis of relevant religious rulings, legislation, and scientific literature. The findings indicate that the halal status of pharmaceutical ingredients must be distinguished from their clinical safety and efficacy, although these dimensions should be considered together when making treatment decisions. The application of the principle of necessity is not unrestricted; it requires a medically justifiable need and consideration of the availability of suitable halal and pure alternatives. From the perspective of maqasid al-shariah, the principle of hifz al-nafs emphasizes the protection of human life through appropriate treatment while maintaining due regard for Islamic legal requirements. This study concludes that the use of non-halal pharmaceutical ingredients requires a contextual assessment based on ingredient traceability, clinical evidence, patients’ therapeutic needs, and consultation with competent healthcare professionals. The findings provide a conceptual framework for integrating Islamic legal considerations and clinical judgment in pharmaceutical care.
References
Abubshait, L., Tasnim, N., & Cangoz, T. (2025). Pharmacological considerations for healthcare providers when caring for Muslim patients: A practical guide. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 17(10), Article 102429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2025.102429
Al-Ghazali, A. H. (1993). Al-Mustasfa min ‘ilm al-usul. Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Ali, B., Barnes, N., Rutter, P., & Nazar, Z. (2026). Attitudes, beliefs, behaviours, and experiences of patients, healthcare professionals, and religious representatives towards prohibited medicines in Islam: A scoping review. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riag077
Al-Qur’an al-Karim. (n.d.). Surah Al-Baqarah (2:173) dan Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:3).
Al-Syathibi, A. I. (1997). Al-Muwafaqat. Dar Ibn ‘Affan.
Alzeer, J. (2021). Permissible medicine and rationalization of halal pharma. Halalsphere, 1(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.31436/hs.v1i1.18
Auda, J. (2008). Maqasid al-Shariah as philosophy of Islamic law: A systems approach. The International Institute of Islamic Thought. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvkc67tg
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Hehanussa, U. K. (2022). Analysis of non-halal drug use in the perspective of maqashid syariah. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8(1), 437–443. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i1.4602
Herdiana, Y., Sofian, F. F., Shamsuddin, S., & Rusdiana, T. (2024). Towards halal pharmaceutical: Exploring alternatives to animal-based ingredients. Heliyon, 10(1), Article e23624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23624
Ibn Ashur, M. T. (2006). Treatise on maqasid al-shariah (M. E.-T. El-Mesawi, Trans.). The International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Ibrahim, A. H., Abdul Rahman, N. N., Saifuddeen, S. M., & Baharuddin, M. (2019). Maqasid al-Shariah based Islamic bioethics: A comprehensive approach. Science and Engineering Ethics, 25, 333–345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-019-09902-8
Ibrahim, A. H., Abdul Rahman, N. N., Saifuddeen, S. M., & Baharuddin, M. (2019). Maqasid al-Shariah based Islamic bioethics: A comprehensive approach. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 16(3), 333–345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-019-09902-8
Isa, N. M. (2016). Darurah (necessity) and its application in Islamic ethical assessment of medical applications: A review on Malaysian fatwa. Science and Engineering Ethics, 22(5), 1319–1332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-015-9698-1
Kamali, M. H. (2008). Shari‘ah law: An introduction. Oneworld Publications.
Majelis Ulama Indonesia. (2013). Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 30 Tahun 2013 tentang obat dan pengobatan. https://mui.or.id/baca/fatwa/obat-dan-pengobatan
Mohd Latiff, N. H., Adnan, A. H., Abd Aziz, M. A., Md Muidnudin, A. H. H., Adnan, A. A., Ahmad Raji, A. H., Ahmad, M. H. A., & Ahmad Faiz, A. A. N. (2026). MS 2424:2019: A mini review on contemporary issues and challenges of halal pharmaceuticals in Malaysia. Halalsphere, 6(2), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.31436/hs.v6i2.156
Nazar, Z., Ali, B., Rutter, P., & Barnes, N. (2025). Islamic reasoning and the use of prohibited medicines among Muslim patients: A qualitative study. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 47(6), 2083–2093. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-025-02046-3
Republik Indonesia, Kementerian Kesehatan. (2024). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 2024 tentang Pedoman Cara Pembuatan yang Halal bagi Obat, Produk Biologi, dan Alat Kesehatan, serta Pencantuman Informasi Asal Bahan untuk Alat Kesehatan. https://jdih.kemkes.go.id/documents/peraturan-menteri-kesehatan-nomor-3-tahun-2024
Republik Indonesia. (2014). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal.
Republik Indonesia. (2023). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Sertifikasi Halal Obat, Produk Biologi, dan Alat Kesehatan.
Republik Indonesia. (2024a). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 2024 tentang Pedoman Cara Pembuatan yang Halal bagi Obat, Produk Biologi, dan Alat Kesehatan, serta Pencantuman Informasi Asal Bahan untuk Alat Kesehatan.
Republik Indonesia. (2024b). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 42 Tahun 2024 tentang Penyelenggaraan Bidang Jaminan Produk Halal.
Reza, A. D., & Novagusda, F. N. (2025). Utilisation of plant-based pectin for halal hard capsule shells as an alternative to pork gelatin. Pharmacy Education, 25(2), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2025.252.4653
Rohman, A., Windarsih, A., Erwanto, Y., & Zakaria, Z. (2020). Review on analytical methods for analysis of porcine gelatine in food and pharmaceutical products for halal authentication. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 101, 122–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.05.008
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Tan, K. L., Othman, A., Mohd Subri, I., Zulkifli, N. F., Mohd Salleh, M. M., Yahaya, N., Nor Aripin, K. N., Shaharuddin, S. N., Ghazalli, S. A., & Sulaiman, M. S. (2023). The incorporation of the Halal Management System (HMS) by the pharmaceutical industry. Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal. https://doi.org/10.5639/gabij.2023.1203.014
Tukiran, N. A., Ahmad Anuar, N. A., & Jamaludin, M. A. (2023). Gelatin in halal pharmaceutical products. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 11(1), 64–78. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol11no1.344
World Health Organization. (2026, January 26). Essential medicines. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/essential-medicines
