Guidelines Author

Articles must be written in Indonesian or English, in a single-column format. Authors must complete their author profiles on the OJS website, which includes First Name, Middle Name, and Last Name (if the author uses only one name, enter the same name for both First Name and Last Name), Gender, Initials, Username, Password, University/Institutional Affiliation, Email, Mailing Address (complete affiliation address: street name, city, province, and ZIP code), Country, and Biographical Statement (Department or Faculty).

Articles must include a TITLE, ABSTRACT, INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, and REFERENCES; alternatively, authors may use their own subsections similar to those listed above.

TITLE: The title must be clear and informative. Use the “Times New Roman” font, size 16pt, with a maximum of 12 words and in bold.

ABSTRACT: The abstract should be written concisely and factually using the Times New Roman font, size 10pt, single-spaced, with a text length not exceeding 200 words. The abstract must be in both Indonesian and English. Avoid using abbreviations or quotations in the abstract. Results and conclusions should be presented accurately and in detail. The abstract must briefly explain the background of the research problem (research gap), the research objectives, the research methods, the research results (novelty), and the conclusions.

KEYWORDS: Contains two to five words or phrases separated by commas.

INTRODUCTION: The introduction covers the field of study to provide context for the reported problem to the reader and must establish the validity and significance of the research. the background of the problem (research gap) includes a more specific statement regarding aspects of the problem previously reported by other researchers to provide a foundation of existing information; a literature review as the basis for the manuscript’s scientific novelty; a statement of scientific novelty; the problem formulation; hypotheses (if any); and the research objectives. The introduction is written as a single chapter without subheadings. The entire presentation within the article is written in essay form, so there are no numerical or alphabetic formats separating chapters/sections or marking new chapters/sections. Therefore, if any part of the article’s content requires numbering or a bullet list, format it as a flowing paragraph as follows: (1) one, (2) two, and (3) three. Any quotations from books must be cited in the text and the source listed in the reference list.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: This section includes the type of research, the time and location of the study, the research objectives, the research subjects, the procedures, the instruments, and data analysis techniques, as well as other matters related to the research methodology. Subheadings do not require numbering but should be written in lowercase letters with the first letter capitalized. The time and location of the study must be stated precisely and clearly so that readers can understand them. The research targets/subjects (for qualitative research) or population and sample (for quantitative research) must be clearly described in this section. The method of recruiting participants (for qualitative research) and/or the sampling technique (for quantitative research) should also be described. Procedures should be detailed according to the type of research. How the research was conducted and how data were collected should be explained in this section. For experimental research, the type of experimental design used should be specified here. The type of data, how the data is collected, the instruments used to collect the data, and the technical aspects of data collection must be clearly described. How the obtained data is interpreted in relation to the research problem and objectives must be clearly explained. All new or modified methods that have been published must be described in detail but without excessive elaboration.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The “Results and Discussion” section presents the main findings of the study (novelty). The presentation in this section is organized systematically and includes only data and information relevant to the study’s objectives. The discussion in the research article explains the results obtained from the study. The author compiles, analyzes, evaluates, interprets, and compares the results of the latest findings with those of existing research. The author must ensure consistency throughout the article, from the title to the reference list. Any tables or figures included must be presented with sufficient explanations and must include numbers and titles. Table numbers and titles are placed above the table, left-aligned, in 10-point font.

The discussion is the most important part of the entire scientific article. The components of information in the discussion include: references related to the main hypothesis, a review of the most important findings, the most logical explanations based on existing theories or scientific knowledge, and logical speculations regarding the results or findings. Avoid overgeneralizing the findings; explain the implications of the research results; provide recommendations for future research; focus on the main results; and then connect the message or conclusion of the main results to the purpose and title of the paper.

CONCLUSION: The content of the conclusion should address the research questions and objectives. The conclusion should be presented in paragraph form, not as bullet points, and should not consist of statistical statements. If necessary, the conclusion may also include a brief discussion of future directions related to the research.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: Optional. Authors must acknowledge any funding sources that supported the research and may acknowledge external reviewers of their draft.

REFERENCES: A minimum of 20 references is required, with 80% from journal articles accompanied by DOI links and 20% from book sources. The reference list is single-spaced with 6 pt spacing after. References must follow the American Psychological Association (APA) style (arranged alphabetically), without serial numbers, and without distinguishing between book, online, and other sources. The reference list must be formatted using Mendeley.