Prinsip Ramah Dalam Pelayanan Kefarmasian Kepada Pasien Dengan Latar Belakang Beragam

Authors

  • Zakia Poltekkes Kemenkes Palembang
  • Shafa Azzaliadini Poltekkes Kemenkes Palembang
  • S. Shintha Ghiyaathi Poltekkes Kemenkes Palembang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.67315/pancasilaspectrum.v1i03.173

Keywords:

friendliness, pharmaceutical services, patient communication, empathy, patient safety

Abstract

The principle of friendliness is an essential aspect of pharmaceutical services, particularly when serving patients from diverse backgrounds. This study aims to analyze the concept of friendliness, its implementation, and the challenges of providing patient-centered pharmaceutical services. A qualitative descriptive method was employed through a literature review, document analysis, and thematic synthesis. The findings indicate that friendliness extends beyond politeness to include empathy, clear communication, respect for cultural and social differences, privacy protection, and the delivery of understandable medication information. Applying these principles can foster trust, improve patient engagement, and support medication safety. However, implementation remains challenging due to time constraints, language barriers, and varying levels of health literacy. Therefore, strengthening communication skills, providing patient-appropriate educational materials, and conducting regular service evaluations are necessary. The principle of friendliness should be integrated into pharmaceutical service culture to promote inclusive, equitable, and high-quality care.

References

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2024). Health literacy universal precautions toolkit (3rd ed.). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.ahrq.gov/health-literacy/improve/precautions/toolkit.html

Al Shamsi, H., Almutairi, A. G., Al Mashrafi, S., & Al Kalbani, T. (2020). Implications of language barriers for healthcare: A systematic review. Oman Medical Journal, 35(2), Article e122. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2020.40

Berkman, N. D., Sheridan, S. L., Donahue, K. E., Halpern, D. J., & Crotty, K. (2011). Low health literacy and health outcomes: An updated systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 155(2), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005

Betancourt, J. R., Green, A. R., Carrillo, J. E., & Ananeh-Firempong, O., II. (2003). Defining cultural competence: A practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public Health Reports, 118(4), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1093/phr/118.4.293

Brach, C. (Ed.). (2024). AHRQ health literacy universal precautions toolkit (3rd ed.). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027

Davis, T. C., Wolf, M. S., Bass, P. F., III, Thompson, J. A., Tilson, H. H., Neuberger, M., & Parker, R. M. (2006). Literacy and misunderstanding prescription drug labels. Annals of Internal Medicine, 145(12), 887–894. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-12-200612190-00144

Donaldson, L. J., Kelley, E. T., Dhingra-Kumar, N., Kieny, M.-P., & Sheikh, A. (2017). Medication without harm: WHO’s third global patient safety challenge. The Lancet, 389(10080), 1680–1681. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31047-4

Dwamena, F., Holmes-Rovner, M., Gaulden, C. M., Jorgenson, S., Sadigh, G., Sikorskii, A., Lewin, S., Smith, R. C., Coffey, J., & Olomu, A. (2012). Interventions for providers to promote a patient-centred approach in clinical consultations. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2012(12), Article CD003267. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003267.pub2

Epstein, R. M., & Street, R. L., Jr. (2011). The values and value of patient-centered care. Annals of Family Medicine, 9(2), 100–103. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1239

Hojat, M., Gonnella, J. S., Nasca, T. J., Mangione, S., Vergare, M., & Magee, M. (2002). Physician empathy: Definition, components, measurement, and relationship to gender and specialty. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(9), 1563–1569. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1563

Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10027

Jarrar, R., Lim, R., Richardson, C. L., Naqvi, A. A., Rathbone, A. P., & Lau, W. M. (2024). How cultural competence is conceptualised, developed and delivered in pharmacy education: A systematic review. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 46(1), 40–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-023-01644-3

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2016). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 73 Tahun 2016 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek.

Kessels, R. P. C. (2003). Patients’ memory for medical information. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 96(5), 219–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107680309600504

Kelly, W. N., Ho, M.-J., Smith, T., Bullers, K., & Kumar, A. (2023). Association of pharmacist intervention counseling with medication adherence and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 63(4), 1095–1105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2023.04.024

Kleinman, A., & Benson, P. (2006). Anthropology in the clinic: The problem of cultural competency and how to fix it. PLoS Medicine, 3(10), Article e294. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030294

Qudah, B., Thakur, T., & Chewning, B. (2021). Factors influencing patient participation in medication counseling at the community pharmacy: A systematic review. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(11), 1863–1876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.03.005

Schillinger, D., Piette, J., Grumbach, K., Wang, F., Wilson, C., Daher, C., Leong-Grotz, K., Castro, C., & Bindman, A. B. (2003). Closing the loop: Physician communication with diabetic patients who have low health literacy. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163(1), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.1.83

Shaw, C., Khan, G., Govind, T., & Robinson-Barella, A. (2025). Implementing and delivering culturally centred pharmacy services tailored to ethnically minoritised populations: A qualitative systematic review and meta-ethnography. Health Expectations, 28(1), Article e70165. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70165

Sletvold, H., & Nguyen, T. (2021). Experiences and perceptions of foreign-language customers on medication information received in the pharmacy: A focus group study. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 29(4), 330–335. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riab021

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Sørensen, K., Van den Broucke, S., Fullam, J., Doyle, G., Pelikan, J., Slonska, Z., & Brand, H. (2012). Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health, 12, Article 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-80

Street, R. L., Jr., Makoul, G., Arora, N. K., & Epstein, R. M. (2009). How does communication heal? Pathways linking clinician-patient communication to health outcomes. Patient Education and Counseling, 74(3), 295–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2008.11.014

Talevski, J., Wong Shee, A., Rasmussen, B., Kemp, G., & Beauchamp, A. (2020). Teach-back: A systematic review of implementation and impacts. PLOS ONE, 15(4), Article e0231350. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231350

Tervalon, M., & Murray-García, J. (1998). Cultural humility versus cultural competence: A critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 9(2), 117–125. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2010.0233

World Health Organization. (2009). WHO patient safety curriculum guide for medical schools.

World Health Organization. (2011). Patient safety curriculum guide: Multi-professional edition. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241501958

World Health Organization. (2016). Framework on integrated, people-centred health services: Report by the Secretariat. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/wha69/a69_39-en.pdf

World Health Organization. (2017). Medication without harm: WHO global patient safety challenge on medication safety. https://www.who.int/initiatives/medication-without-harm

World Health Organization. (2019). 5 moments for medication safety. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HIS-SDS-2019.4

World Health Organization. (2021). Global patient safety action plan 2021–2030: Towards eliminating avoidable harm in health care. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240032705

Downloads

Published

2026-11-02

How to Cite

Zakia, Azzaliadini, S., & Ghiyaathi, S. S. (2026). Prinsip Ramah Dalam Pelayanan Kefarmasian Kepada Pasien Dengan Latar Belakang Beragam. Pancasila Spectrum: Jurnal Multidisiplin, 1(03), 136–152. https://doi.org/10.67315/pancasilaspectrum.v1i03.173

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.