Inklusi Keuangan dan Akses Perbankan dalam Mengurangi Ketimpangan Ekonomi

Abstract

Financial inclusion and banking access have been widely recognized as critical instruments for reducing economic inequality, yet empirical evidence quantifying their joint impact within Indonesian provincial contexts remains limited. The persistent high Gini coefficient in several Indonesian provinces signals structural financial exclusion that hampers equitable economic growth. This study aims to analyze the influence of financial inclusion indicators and banking access variables on economic inequality reduction across districts in Lampung Province. A quantitative panel data approach was employed using secondary data from 15 districts over the period 2020–2025, sourced from Bank Indonesia, the Financial Services Authority, and the Central Statistics Agency. Variables include account ownership rates, credit distribution to micro enterprises, digital banking penetration, and branch density, analyzed through fixed-effects panel regression and the Gini coefficient as the dependent variable. Results demonstrate that digital banking penetration and micro-credit distribution exert the strongest negative effects on inequality. The coefficient of determination reached 0.761. The study concludes that accelerating digital financial inclusion, particularly in rural and underserved areas, represents the most effective policy pathway toward sustainable economic equality in Lampung.